A signal that matters may be improving came in 2016, when the World Health Organization declared mycetoma, a debilitating tropical fungal affliction of the extremities, to be a Neglected Tropical Disease, thus initiating work on surveillance, prevention, and control.
#AP ENGLISH LANGUAGE FROQ 2017 FULL#
The full extent of this threat has not been possible to measure directly because there were no reporting requirements. With the global increase in the incidence of invasive fungal infections and the emergence and spread of fungal pathogens resistant to all current classes of antifungals, these organisms pose an acute threat to human health ( 2– 5). Individuals with weakened immune systems are the most vulnerable, but otherwise healthy individuals are also at risk from well-known and emerging pathogens, especially in situations in which infection involves a large inoculum. More than 600 fungal species are associated with humans, either as commensals and members of our microbiome or as pathogens that cause some of the most lethal infectious diseases ( 2– 4). The fungal kingdom includes as many as 6 million species ( 1) and is remarkable in terms of the breadth and depth of its impact on global health, agriculture, biodiversity, ecology, manufacturing, and biomedical research. National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseasesĭona C. University of Massachusetts School of Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Healthĭamian Krysan, M.D., Ph.D. Imperial College London School of Public Health The University of Manchester UK National Aspergillosis Centre Global Action Fund for Fungal infections Broad Institute of MIT and Harvardĭavid W. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthĬhristina Cuomo, Ph.D.
Geological Survey National Wildlife Health CenterĪrturo Casadevall, M.D., Ph.D.
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